The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious cup on fourteen separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time leveler followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger opened the net early on.
However, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to take a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable twist of events, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital equaliser in the final seconds to send the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving decisive kicks from O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored successfully for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing penalty win.
Now 14-time winners PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past thirteen seasons.